前言

肿瘤登记是对肿瘤流行情况、趋势变化和影响因素进行长期、连续、动态的系统性监测，是制定癌症预防控制策略、开展综合防控研究、评价防控效果的重要基础性工作。这项工作的标志性成果之一就是，每年以年报的形式及时发布全国肿瘤登记监测数据。中国肿瘤登记年报已成为我国癌症预防与控制不可或缺的宝贵资料，在不同历史时期均发挥了极其重要的作用。

保障国民健康已经上升为国家战略。《“健康中国2030”规划纲要》《“十三五”卫生与健康规划》等国家健康战略的重要政策文件中，都将癌症防控作为重要内容，在国家层面加以部署。与癌症防控相关的主要考核指标包括过早死亡率、五年生存率、早诊率等，而这些目标的落实和完成，以及癌症防控行动计划系列措施的实际效果，都依赖于肿瘤登记的长期随访和监测工作。因此，在《健康中国行动——癌症防治实施方案（2019—2022年）》中，明确提出了“到2022年，实现肿瘤登记工作在所有区县全覆盖，纳入国家肿瘤登记年报的登记处数量不少于850个”等更为明确的具体措施，进一步推动肿瘤登记工作。

癌症防控工作已经成为国家健康工作的重要内容，迎来了前所未有的发展机遇，癌症防控再出发，肿瘤登记先行。随着肿瘤等慢性非传染性疾病在世界公共卫生问题中所占比重逐步加重，肿瘤负担等慢性病基础数据的必要性、连续性、重要性必将日益凸显。进一步提升肿瘤登记数据质量，促进登记数据与死因监测数据、临床诊疗信息数据以及人口数据、医保数据等其他信息的对接交换、互联互通，促进信息资源共享利用，是肿瘤登记工作的重中之重，也是大势所趋。

《2019中国肿瘤登记年报》是自2008年中国肿瘤登记年报首次出版以来的第13卷。本年报汇总了2016年我国肿瘤登记地区癌症监测数据。2019年，国家癌症中心收到全国31个省（自治区、直辖市）及新疆生产建设兵团（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾省）682个肿瘤登记处上报的2016年肿瘤登记数据。通过对数据审核和质量控制，有487个肿瘤登记处数据符合入选标准，入选本年报，涵盖200个城市地区，覆盖人口1.93亿；287个农村地区，覆盖人口1.89亿。此次年报对合计癌症和22种癌症的发病死亡数据进行了详细分析，并分地区、年龄别和性别比较了癌症分布差异。需要说明的是，由于纳入分析的登记点分布的不平衡，以及各登记点数据质量参差不齐，国家年报和各省年报的具体数字会有所不同，但总的来说，肿瘤负担的顺位和大趋势没有差异。

在全国抗击新冠肺炎疫情的特殊时期，肿瘤登记工作者勇敢逆行，投身抗疫一线，或调查排查、统计分析，或消毒灭菌、防控救治，无私奉献自己的光和热，彰显了肿瘤预防人的职业操守和家国情怀。在抗疫取得圆满胜利的同时，大家加班加点，不忘本职，无怨无悔地及时完成了年报数据上报清理、统计分析、编撰出版工作。《2019中国肿瘤登记年报》的顺利出版凝结着全国各肿瘤登记处全体工作人员的辛苦付出和50多位编写、审校人员的辛勤劳动，年报的出版也得到了国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局、宣传司一如既往的指导和大力支持，在此表示最衷心的感谢！

编者从登记点选择、数据清理、统计分析、图表呈现、文字描述等方面仔细入手，反复核实，力求能做到数字真实、客观、准确，竭力避免不必要的失误，然而由于水平和知识有限，加之入选年报的登记点数量剧增，数据体量巨大，工作中难免出现纰漏和谬误，敬请国内外同行和广大读者批评指正！

国家癌症中心

2020年5月

Foreword

Population-based cancer registries（PBCR）systematically monitor the frequency of new cancer cases each year in well-defined populations and over time.Cancer registration has a pivotal role in cancer control，which provides essential data for cancer policy making and evaluation.One prominent achievement of cancer registration in China is to publish the China Cancer Registry Annual Report，which has been a great value for cancer prevention and control in different periods of the country.

People’s health has been a national strategy.The Healthy China 2030 Program，The 13th Five-Year Plan on Public Healthcare，and other essential national health strategy documents all take cancer prevention and control as important content，and deploy it at the national level.The main evaluation indices of cancer prevention and control in related work include premature death rate，five-year survival rate，early diagnosis rate，and others.The implementation and completion of these index，as well as the effect of those actions of the cancer prevention and control depend on the long-term-follow-up and monitoring of cancer registration.Therefore，The Healthy China Action（2019—2022）--TheImplementation　Plan　of Cancer Prevention and Control clearly proposed that“All districts and counties should be covered by cancer registration.The China Cancer Registry Annual report should include no less than 850 registrations by 2022”and other more specific implementations to further promote cancer registration.

Cancer prevention and control are having an unprecedented development opportunity since it has become an important part of national health work.Cancer registration needs to start before the others to lead cancer prevention and control.With the increasing proportion of chronic non-infectious diseases such as cancer in the world’s public health problem，the necessity，the continuity，and the importance of basic data of cancer and other chronic diseases will become increasingly prominent.Enhancingthequalityof cancer registration data，promoting the exchange and interconnection of registration data and death causing data，the clinical diagnosis and treatment information data，population data， medical insurance data， and other information are the essential part and the general trend of cancer registration.

Since the first volume of the China Cancer Registry Annual Report published in 2008，this book is the 13th Annual Report.In this volume，we reported the cancer incidence and mortality data in Chinese cancer registration areas of 2016.A total of 682 cancer registries submitted data to National Cancer Center（NCC）China，including 31 provinces（Autonomous regions and municipalities）and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps（data of Hong Kong SAR，Macao SAR，and Taiwan Province is not included）.After data quality control，a total of 682 cancer registries（200 urban registries and 287 rural registries）were included in the present China Cancer Registry Annual Report.In this volume，we summarized and analyzed data of the incidence and mortality for all cancers combined and 22 cancer sites in 2016 by including overall analysis and analysis by age，sex，and area.Due to the uneven distribution and uneven data quality of each registration point，the data in the national annual report and the provincial annual report might contain slight differences.However，there is no difference between the rank and the general trend of cancer burden.

In the special period of fighting against COVID-19，all faculties of cancer registries engaged in the front line.They selflessly contributed their power and demonstrated their professional ethics and their faith in the country.At the same time of successfully prevented the spread of COVID-19，the faculties of cancer registries did not forget their duties.They sacrifice their rest time and put extra hours to complete the reporting，cleaning，analyzing，and publishing works of the annual report without complaint.The successful publication of the China Cancer Registry Annual Report，2019 embodies the hard work of all staff members in different cancer registries across the country.It also reflects the hard work of more than 50 editors and reviewers.Bureau of Disease Prevention and Control，Department of Publicity in National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China have provided sustainable support in the fast publication of the China Cancer Registry Annual Report 2019.We acknowledge all staff working for the cancer registries and the editorial board who contributed to this publication.

In order to assure the data is real，objective，accurate，and without unnecessary mistakes，the authors write carefully and verify repeatedly for choosing the cancer registries，cleaning data，doing statistical analysis，rendering charts，and describing data.However，due to the knowledge limitation，and the intensively increased cancer registries，the vast data volume may lead to some mistakes in the work.Colleagues and readers are welcome to criticize and correct.

National Cancer Center

May 2020