![乒乓球明星技术图解](https://wfqqreader-1252317822.image.myqcloud.com/cover/405/686405/b_686405.jpg)
(二)刘国梁
1.技战术实力评估指数:38.5
(1)正手进攻技术能力指数:9.5
(2)反手进攻技术能力指数:9
(3)控制技术能力指数:10
(4)技术实战能力指数:10
2.技术运用特点:快速与计算
快速是指在技术使用上,沿袭了直拍正胶打法在技术上以快制胜的特点。计算是指在比赛中对对方各种击球的可能性进行判断,并快速做出相应的技术和战术的调整,把变化做在对方还没有完全意识到之前。
刘国梁技术上有明显的特点,发球和接发球技术非常突出。其战术主要是建立在发球抢攻和接发球控制技术细腻结合的基础上。通过前4板技术中积极控制和主动上手进攻的不断交替使用,突出了旋转、速度、落点的变化。刘国梁乒乓球技术的快速特征,是建立在对比赛对手技术使用可能性进行计算基础上的。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0036_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-tOJbpqUqft4jjjSuQ767e1DsDz8mEpaO-0-3f48c59abe2996182a6b445d3920e31e)
3.主要技术的实战运用解析
(1)标准侧身位正手攻球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-qbaw8CgVw5wx7Cn5bE0WvPk4n6PO00gh-0-35d0b4c8cbc89d9ea6897ab14497fbef)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-xQrbMmPLwKOGROKPGuHyJ0rZlUvcejVK-0-5579bc86c8f01eceb87d2a8db697169a)
1~2准备姿势中的让位充分,引拍幅度比较大,身体重心比较低。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-MLGDjXH8BVFzpgPjHuPY8RH3bqNXi4yq-0-fdb32ab30ef30bfbb459e33995ad6ab6)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0037_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-azEV6RDNqfRPaBJ4hFY01YUsHNWxrhDV-0-708ef0964c6fa745e0ecd739d7638f23)
3~4挥拍击球时,摩擦球的成分比较多。注意对弧线的控制。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:进攻一切可以用正手攻的来球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:可打、可拉,具有一定杀伤力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:低重心,身体发力,注意摩擦球。
(2)侧身位正手发侧上、下旋技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-YeTyjp9yj7q6TvvSfKzZ14LDuo8lgZzU-0-afb070b122c1aa7c47019514701af59a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-xvBK3zSm3c9jaCQh3QPmGmN1CqSUNAq9-0-7df117102a449d355a55f00d8547ff8e)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-XaTKral40kx2CBdZ7hlyYuamqB40LhTz-0-c27ab7489de315555ade986752fc0264)
侧上
1~3准备姿势和抛球引拍的特点是“展开”。即身体充分展开,以便身体和手臂的力量充分发挥出来。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-xhasxOmHaa87lWuMaRW6t8Pkd5y2CFHB-0-fa7b7c361b993450bb5b4d34d7a894f4)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0038_0005.jpg?sign=1738864888-ThcwWrTx5QjsPZqpWCtWH0I9XjQnbXdI-0-ab6e40e4c3b342e9dd4620016ca79c40)
4~5挥拍击球的特点是“快合”。即身体随手臂挥动,快速前转,发力点在胸腹前。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-o9KX8wKYdQaTzFvHjpUcsCKRlZRPO0pX-0-c1fec69efbf4c6b55b2fd2e3e34ea070)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-4ovjtSS8qMMHsNbbsZV6O7QFD4vB0T34-0-161aacb9fcabd291470f135331ca5ddc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-HX8lBCOQnBPW24yeZ1AdGozhbMEEpa7C-0-f6e46c15e2169e0802e95ce1f37a2858)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0039_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-67SrZZoME0B5cZCM6eUGYspKAVzXYZWv-0-e28fb38820bf11a75f332cae97e228c5)
侧下
1~4准备姿势和抛球引拍动作与发侧上旋球完全一致。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-arvtJeI21ucjrgYFvfWLpMoEU7gvpu2f-0-c241ea7e0027caa38a4c53141ce5e00a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0040_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-QxS9sabwnf3bLlkmljbcNzkUs7FS0II8-0-d5f4a0b921935ba2d31e07c35189a566)
5~6挥拍击球动作也与发侧上旋球一致,仅通过手腕的变化,来发出侧下旋球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:常用的发球技术。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:经常为进攻创造机会。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作相似性,出球快,手腕动作变化大,干扰性强。
(3)正手侧身位晃接技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-9mXi2aDhsGuBm51Ro7TTqxeoQHVZrKeL-0-d01e6fbd6e6dae678755d251ce09728b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-Ywtv2EB9Q0hT7Ean9H8gcf6h3IXWahec-0-0d2ead9965b9fb2df15d95469254429d)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-xUvQRaNhMh9M38bSV6KAgwxZrjgFchtE-0-0395bd406b46647df12355dadd264746)
1~3侧身用正手做回摆短球时的技术动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-2DvGqzsbjuo4FJzjUlI3JV4dnb4gCRtM-0-4b2a1ea36d6e9bf4dba665dc29124d13)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0005.jpg?sign=1738864888-RsDy5ZQYkOR0SvVwF5Cd0rVyP3licPlG-0-fb39050e73c9619b915cb2390d312736)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0041_0006.jpg?sign=1738864888-UQNfzthJFwikCLw7fDvHgCGRUU4sqCOt-0-f53a8158c29bff81e3a16fbcc5d95a05)
4~6在触球时的瞬间,改变球拍的拍面方向,由面向对方反手位变成面向正手位。并向侧下方搓,使球到对方的正手位。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接侧身位短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:与其他接短球的技术结合起来,干扰和控制对方的侧身进攻意图。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,触球时的转腕动作,侧搓球的中、下部。
(4)正手侧身位挑打技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-dzBercv0CbBef41Qj99AXCTd5BaMJylB-0-40b99c37a8bb835d39b890dc0ddac194)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-uc3aArySh2XZQjE7zIBM0OrGTgJ860Rn-0-e892047569a53e272a0e937e2a599aa9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-5O0u80LlAdH2ez0mcMxTdVgNa6OVms6L-0-2fb7345de1e880293ad77e71ac134dc8)
1~3技术动作与晃接时一样,做回摆短球的动作。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-yanmO8UnKkjvjk8qdp5VDxnynEQpSWpu-0-bc68d3bb4628e11917cf76911aa17aed)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0005.jpg?sign=1738864888-7H1BanhIY6ZiNmoQPb6ApzKZWd9wq3US-0-90de54047cdc3ab76fb141aa02b2a9dc)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0042_0006.jpg?sign=1738864888-VTVeofFdZjdGy5vcNqlHqFNaaSNInutv-0-0a0c7ea5eed34bff9b040e207a208f42)
4~6在触球的瞬间,球拍立起,击球的中部,用力要集中,向上方发力。整个动作要快速清晰。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:回接短球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:和其他接短球的技术结合起来,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:动作的相似性,出手快,发力集中。
(5)直拍反拉上旋球技术
1肘关节前顶,以肘关节为轴,拇指压拍,手腕适当放松,拍面立起,球拍位置比较高,拉球的中部偏上。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-fweYU4sLtyfkaG0PTXF11B6k62ISBjwD-0-e70958916c5a9fb44c4c6e48d07c7efa)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-oWWKVaIfLgg3YiFI1CY6X59ndtrQzec1-0-bf9c9e4c20679b283c938a92d0e49f2a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0043_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-4cr0Xz92qKMWdC2LRAJwOavXL8fSSQJm-0-5dc4f60added0e6f905fea3b40f46d30)
2~3手腕向上发力,前臂向前方挥动。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:对推中转反拉或反拉对方的上旋球。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:具有在相持中增加变化因素和进攻因素的作用,可以直接得分。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:顶肘,压拍,适当放松。
(6)直拍反打上旋球技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-Pg0vWLJCSRJ4091Cavq6skj8VoWQrjUC-0-7991a561ef3ed70ebb9546aadd964544)
1直拍横打的引拍位置和反拉上旋球一样,不同之处是:拍头不下沉,肘关节不前顶,而是要沉肩坠肘。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0044_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-ZcbbpSpbNmykuU4URTnyHBfG9R4t17nQ-0-5f151ca5c634475e942d26747241beb2)
2发力通过肘关节快速伸展和身体前迎来完成。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:出现机会球时。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:加强了反手进攻的能力。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:沉肩坠肘,肘关节快速伸展。
(7)发球后正手抢攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-uqplFOXqpciEbiG9lly2aUfCANroEW4f-0-7d63300381c922e1f10090deeaa5b597)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-hzYhGstyBviUq04xYcQLIzZ1Ztyb5Yuj-0-c1827a85caa3ec636d18900cfc2f6a5b)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-yfdCnESktOEvAOsH2uxcFO4bvefmh4Fy-0-207c292b23c6eec65ade50e085256e0f)
1~3用预先想好的策略发侧旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0045_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-f3IS1qO5IIneSL3x9PNBbYh9KreQEc1G-0-3bed958061231ac39aa0179cffe42429)
4发球后对预计的回球线路进行再判断。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-q1CDzWLxnua3nNpZswfkemBCSafCUKe8-0-c94766234890159ce9529ecc1f2fd26a)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-5iRn1m6ULIAMQjEwYhcl9Axh65DIL8ZT-0-d39863a16a8d65544a74d3c38adbfa2f)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-lldF2i7OVpCFs3knh1DnfPu04tGaDyVe-0-36543417c90973ffc96a50cf38dcc788)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0046_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-wZMbsVSTUyDBoigIHAWDIw1pYbxfOrUl-0-8832823023c38eb4ad6fb7be38c0014e)
5~8扑正手位抢攻时,注意还原。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:发球后给对方接正手位的机会。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方建立侧身位和正手位进攻能力都强的概念。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,使侧旋动作和侧下旋动作近似,用交叉步抢攻。
(8)发球正手侧身抢技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-qxV3664LBumlTnniaiYkbh5FsgbhJXm4-0-ba9726e3923bf6f3c8a2ff52b44b3cff)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-MPBlEVQaymnpu6bZ4wOwJ4sUGWeP3vOR-0-ceaa1bae1a6cdf42efcfcf6a5f9abfc8)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-Cgz2D1Ll3QQiRKPjZTijSLcUHNlsRXpn-0-d841a6f17c34b639825a95ba1d848522)
1~3发下旋球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0047_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-WpagSZ4kHBVgNd87P0qKdwwqI56zrLfJ-0-df60fe5221acb46b70da342d2476a44f)
4判断来球线路。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-32K8I5Y9ovVNMlsJu21xfBVmgkquOGgS-0-7b9c7a6d282d521a29ba943a50485ba2)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-JrTfoAdO3XpEh2J1EcrZEg3jsBe1lP6i-0-154f74a9a05bb5c44d7ed8605e9bde7c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0048_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-L4W19jSrQFVuHyQxr3665mHpbrtbDK02-0-a1c7e7c1f17155846ae8bf0809ef37af)
5~7用左脚的侧跨步进行快速侧身,同时引拍和拉球。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:同前。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:同前。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:发球时身体充分用力,用跨步让位抢拉。
(9)正手位攻后转侧身攻技术
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-TSeJYKNwLsPlrNmXjAzWIhwbbveOwhXo-0-717f4b735eb5ef34c7a4c40d96ebf32b)
1判断来球。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-kIkKpj53JscsOmEpeETdhn12bnJcXZLl-0-e9845cadc6b4c7844592d83d4b5d805c)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-wVjlrH30D5C4hvKwFDD0F40cOnyUJqSW-0-2af4e04b2e0fa6bd7052fd2f7b58f8a3)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0049_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-0FV4sEoGtAue4NJkD4l7PjsU5DntszZ7-0-62d1b3a561f0432a5495c25c42ac391e)
2~4用跨步到正手位进攻。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0001.jpg?sign=1738864888-LCjaSFJOuV1YxzPlIH9X1hgkZPrYuSN6-0-6453256d9406a9272818f2e943f485c9)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0002.jpg?sign=1738864888-9WIyvkX3gRa3OWkqz1Sk9nPmcAhcPVVA-0-a1c22f08198408dc9ebe44a276208fbc)
5~6还原并注意盯球,保持连续进攻的可能。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0003.jpg?sign=1738864888-nzczfgThtQgFpscAaJZA7EtKe2ixydRK-0-7c008d699566a4166fbc23a827656072)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0004.jpg?sign=1738864888-aIoiouuiHskiYXgm5DZmM50sEse8FM3C-0-68e3b913d5e10c812275f331512dcc34)
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/E7F0EC/3590483804201401/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0050_0005.jpg?sign=1738864888-ivBi0pqk3Rv39ssbQTN6Rg23kGU39xQL-0-07d6eaf0f09730fda9b45c1c23851272)
7~9用并步让开位置,在侧身位继续实施进攻。
{L-End} ■技术使用条件:在正手位进攻具有一定压力时,侧身进攻的机会就会出现。
{L-End} ■技术的实战效果:给对方以连续的打击。
{L-End} ■技术动作关键点和学习要点:进攻要有落点控制,身体保持合理的移动。